Broiler chickens are raised for rapid growth and efficient meat production, making their nutrition a top priority in poultry farming. One key component of their diet is grower feed, which is typically given after the starter phase and before the finisher phase. This specific feed is formulated to support the development of muscle, bone, and immune function in young chickens. Understanding the effect of grower feed on broilers helps farmers optimize growth performance, feed conversion ratio, and overall profitability. The quality and composition of the grower feed can significantly influence the final results in broiler farming.
Understanding Grower Feed
What Is Grower Feed?
Grower feed is a specially formulated feed provided to broiler chickens typically from the second or third week of age until around five to six weeks. It acts as a transition between the highly nutrient-dense starter feed and the energy-rich finisher feed. Grower feed contains a balanced mix of protein, energy, vitamins, and minerals designed to support rapid body development and metabolic processes.
Key Nutrients in Grower Feed
- Protein: Supports muscle growth and tissue repair. Protein content is usually around 1820% in grower feed.
- Energy: Provided by carbohydrates and fats, giving birds the fuel for growth and activity.
- Calcium and Phosphorus: Essential for strong bones and proper skeletal development.
- Vitamins and Trace Minerals: Improve immune function, feather quality, and overall health.
Effect on Growth Performance
Enhanced Weight Gain
One of the most noticeable effects of high-quality grower feed is increased weight gain. During the grower phase, broilers experience a surge in muscle development. Providing the right nutrients at this stage helps maximize body mass without excessive fat deposition. Well-formulated grower feed ensures that chickens gain weight consistently while maintaining a healthy structure.
Better Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR)
Feed Conversion Ratio is a key performance indicator in poultry farming. A low FCR means that birds convert feed into body mass efficiently. Grower feed with a precise balance of energy and protein improves FCR, reducing the overall cost of production. If the feed is either too rich or too low in energy, it can lead to inefficient conversion and higher feed costs.
Impact on Bone and Skeletal Health
Support for Bone Strength
Broilers grow quickly, and their bones must keep up with the weight of rapidly expanding muscles. Calcium and phosphorus in grower feed play a major role in bone mineralization. Inadequate levels can lead to leg disorders, poor posture, or lameness. Properly balanced grower feed reduces the risk of skeletal problems that could affect mobility and feed intake.
Prevention of Leg Disorders
- Rickets
- Tibial dyschondroplasia
- Valgus-varus deformities
These conditions are often seen in fast-growing broilers, especially when nutrient imbalances occur during the grower stage. Carefully formulated feed can minimize these risks.
Immune System Support
Resilience to Disease
As broilers grow, their immune systems must defend against common poultry diseases such as coccidiosis and respiratory infections. Nutrients like Vitamin E, Selenium, and Zinc in grower feed strengthen immunity. A healthy bird is more likely to thrive and maintain high productivity, even in less-than-ideal farm conditions.
Reduced Mortality Rates
Grower feed that meets nutritional requirements helps reduce stress-related illnesses. This leads to lower mortality rates and a healthier flock. In poorly nourished broilers, the risk of sudden death syndrome or ascites is higher. Optimal feeding during the grower phase is crucial for flock survival and overall profitability.
Behavioral and Welfare Considerations
Improved Activity Levels
Balanced grower feed contributes to better energy management in broilers. Birds with adequate energy tend to be more active, displaying natural behaviors such as walking, pecking, and perching. Overfeeding or underfeeding can result in lethargy or aggression, affecting flock welfare.
Better Feathering and Appearance
Grower feed also influences physical characteristics such as feather development. Good feather coverage helps regulate body temperature and protects the skin. Proteins, amino acids, and vitamins in the diet are essential for high-quality feather growth.
Economic Impact on Farmers
Cost-Effective Production
The grower phase is when birds rapidly gain body mass. Efficient growth during this stage means fewer days to reach market weight, reducing housing, labor, and feeding costs. Investing in premium grower feed may cost more upfront but leads to better long-term returns.
Improved Marketability
Broilers with uniform weight and healthy appearance fetch higher market prices. Balanced grower feed supports consistency across the flock, making it easier to manage processing and packaging. Buyers often prefer broilers with good muscle tone, strong bones, and proper weight.
Common Mistakes in Grower Feed Usage
Switching Too Early or Too Late
Transitioning from starter to grower feed should be done based on bird weight and age, not just a fixed schedule. Switching too early can deprive birds of critical early-stage nutrients, while switching too late may delay growth and increase feed costs.
Poor Storage and Feed Quality
Feed exposed to moisture, pests, or high heat can degrade quickly. Moldy or contaminated feed poses health risks. Farmers should store grower feed in cool, dry places and use it within a recommended period to ensure quality.
Lack of Water Availability
Even the best grower feed will not be effective without adequate clean water. Broilers need constant access to water to digest and absorb nutrients properly. Dehydration reduces feed intake and slows growth.
Innovations in Grower Feed
Medicated Feed Options
Some grower feeds include coccidiostats or other medications to prevent disease during this vulnerable phase. These should be used carefully, adhering to withdrawal periods before slaughter.
Probiotics and Enzymes
Modern feed formulations may include probiotics and enzymes to improve gut health and nutrient absorption. This helps in reducing the need for antibiotics and supports sustainable poultry farming.
Grower feed plays a crucial role in broiler production. It bridges the gap between the starter and finisher phases, providing the nutrients needed for rapid muscle growth, bone development, immune support, and overall health. The effect of grower feed on broilers can be seen in better weight gain, lower mortality rates, and improved feed efficiency. For farmers, investing in high-quality grower feed leads to healthier flocks, reduced costs, and higher profits. When used correctly, grower feed becomes a key tool in sustainable and productive poultry farming.